首页 C语言 socket编程(四)
文章
取消

C语言 socket编程(四)

IO模型

网络IO的本质是socket的操作,我们以recv为例:

每次调用recv,数据会先拷贝到操作系统内核的缓冲区中,然后才会从操作系统内核的缓冲区拷贝到应用程序的地址空间

所以说,当一个recv操作发生时,它会经历两个阶段:

  • 第一阶段:等待数据准备
  • 第二阶段:将数据从内核拷贝到进程中

对于socket流而言:

  • 第一阶段:通常涉及等待网络上的数据分组到达,然后被复制到内核的某个缓冲区
  • 第二阶段:把数据从内核缓冲区复制到应用进程的缓冲区

网络IO模型

  • 同步IO(synchronous IO)
    • 阻塞IO(bloking IO)
    • 非阻塞IO(non-blocking IO)
    • 多路复用IO(multiplexing IO)
    • 信号驱动式IO(signal-driven IO)
  • 异步IO(asynchronous IO)

由于信号驱动式IO实际中并不常用,所以接下来只介绍其他四种IO模型

阻塞IO

应用程序调用一个IO函数,如recv:

当socket接收缓冲区中没有数据时,当前进程会被recv阻塞,一直会等待数据的到来;

当socket接收缓冲区中有数据时,recv将数据拷贝到进程空间的这个过程,也是阻塞的;

所以,对于阻塞IO,在这两个阶段都被阻塞了

非阻塞IO

将一个套接字设置为非阻塞时,就是告诉内核,当一个请求的IO操作无法立即完成时,不要让我等待,应立即给我返回一个错误,如recv:

当socket接收缓冲区中没有数据时,recv会立即返回一个错误,errno为EAGAIN,表示现在没有数据,等下再来吧;

当socket接收缓冲区中有数据时,recv将数据拷贝到进程空间的这个过程,也是阻塞的;

所以对于非阻塞IO,通常采取轮询polling的方式,循环往复的主动询问内核,当前是否有数据了

对于非阻塞IO,第一个阶段不会阻塞,但是第二个阶段依旧是阻塞的

IO多路复用

其实这种方式和第二种的非阻塞IO很相似,只不过优点是可以借助这几个特殊的系统调用(selectpollepoll),来同时轮询多个socket连接:

当调用select、poll、epoll函数时,如果所监控的socket中有部分socket可读、可写或其他事件发生时,就会返回,将其交给用户进程来处理,这个过程是阻塞的,只不过是因为select、poll、epoll系统调用而阻塞的;

当调用返回后,用户进程再调用recv,将数据从内核拷贝到进程空间中,这个过程也是阻塞的,因recv拷贝数据而阻塞;

实际上这种方式相比第二种还差一些,因为这里面包含了两个系统调用(select/poll/epoll、recv),而第二种只有一个系统调用recv;

不过IO多路复用的优点是可以处理更多的连接,当连接数大的时候,缺点就被优点给掩盖了

IO多路复用相比多进程/多线程 + 阻塞IO的系统开销小,因为系统不需要创建新的进程或线程,也不需要维护多个进程、线程的执行

对于多路复用IO,第一个阶段是因为select、poll、epoll而阻塞的,第二个阶段(实际IO操作)依旧是阻塞的

信号驱动式IO

首先我们允许socket进行信号驱动IO,并安装一个信号处理函数,进程继续运行并不阻塞;

当数据准备好时,进程会收到一个SIGIO信号,可以在信号处理函数中调用IO操作函数处理数据;

异步IO

对于前面四种IO模型,都是同步的,因为所有的实际IO操作(将数据从内核拷贝到进程空间的这个过程)都是阻塞的;

所谓同步IO,就是必须等待当前的IO操作完成之后,才能执行后面的指令,这个等待的过程中是不能进行其他操作的,也就是说,指令序列都是线性执行的;

而异步IO,当遇到IO操作时,直接把这个IO操作交给别人(内核、新的线程/进程等等)来做,而当前进程并不会因为这个IO操作而阻塞,可以立即执行别的操作,当IO操作完成后,进程会收到完成的通知(回调函数、信号等等)

linux2.6之后的内核提供了AIO库,提供异步IO操作,但是实际上用的比较少,目前有很多流行的开源异步IO库:libevent、libev、libuv等

迭代模式 + 阻塞IO

所谓的迭代模式,就是用while、for循环来不断接受新连接

server.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define LISTEN_PORT 8080
#define MAX_CONN 1024
#define BUF_SIZE 512

static int listenfd;

void handle_signal(int sig);
void do_service(int connfd);

int main(void){
    signal(SIGHUP, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGINT, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGTERM, handle_signal);

    if((listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int reuseaddr = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuseaddr, sizeof(reuseaddr)) < 0){
        perror("setsockopt_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);

    if(bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("bind_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if(listen(listenfd, MAX_CONN) < 0){
        perror("listen_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
    int connfd;

    for(;;){
        if((connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&peeraddr, &peerlen)) < 0){
            perror("accept_listenfd error");
            continue;
        }

        printf("new conn(%s:%d)\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

        do_service(connfd);
    }

    return 0;
}

void handle_signal(int sig){
    if(sig == SIGHUP){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGHUP(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGINT){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGINT(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGTERM){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGTERM(%d)", sig);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "   close server ... ");
    close(listenfd);
    fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

void do_service(int connfd){
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nbuf;

    nbuf = recv(connfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
    buf[nbuf] = 0;

    printf("recv_msg: %s\n", buf);

    send(connfd, buf, nbuf, 0);

    shutdown(connfd, SHUT_WR);
    close(connfd);
}

client.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 512
#define SERV_ADDR "127.0.0.1"
#define SERV_PORT 8080

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    if(argc < 2){
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <MSG>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int sockfd;
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_sockfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    int ret = inet_pton(AF_INET, SERV_ADDR, &servaddr.sin_addr);
    if(ret < 0){
        perror("inet_pton_servaddr error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }else if(ret == 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "inet_pton_servaddr error: The address format is wrong\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

    if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("connect_sockfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nbuf = strlen(argv[1]);

    send(sockfd, argv[1], nbuf, 0);

    nbuf = recv(sockfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
    buf[nbuf] = 0;

    printf("echo_msg: %s\n", buf);

    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
$ gcc -o server server.c

$ gcc -o client client.c

$ ./server

$ for ((i=0; i<10; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com'; done
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com

$ ./server
new conn(127.0.0.1:58278)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58280)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58282)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58284)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58286)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58288)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58290)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58292)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58294)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:58296)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
^Csignal: SIGINT(2)   close server ... done

多进程 + 阻塞IO

主进程调用accept()不断接收新连接,然后调用fork()创建一个子进程来处理新连接,即:来一个新连接就启动一个新进程

server.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define LISTEN_PORT 8080
#define MAX_CONN 1024
#define BUF_SIZE 512

static int listenfd;

void handle_signal(int sig);
void do_service(int connfd);

int main(void){
    signal(SIGHUP, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGINT, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGTERM, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);

    if((listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int reuseaddr = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuseaddr, sizeof(reuseaddr)) < 0){
        perror("setsockopt_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);

    if(bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("bind_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if(listen(listenfd, MAX_CONN) < 0){
        perror("listen_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
    int connfd;
    pid_t pid;

    for(;;){
        if((connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&peeraddr, &peerlen)) < 0){
            perror("accept_listenfd error");
            continue;
        }

        printf("new conn(%s:%d)\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

        pid = fork();
        if(pid < 0){
            perror("fork error");
            close(connfd);
            continue;
        }else if(pid == 0){
            close(listenfd);
            do_service(connfd);
            exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
        }else{
            close(connfd);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void handle_signal(int sig){
    if(sig == SIGHUP){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGHUP(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGINT){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGINT(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGTERM){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGTERM(%d)", sig);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "   close server ... ");
    close(listenfd);
    fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

void do_service(int connfd){
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nbuf;

    nbuf = recv(connfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
    buf[nbuf] = 0;

    printf("recv_msg: %s\n", buf);

    send(connfd, buf, nbuf, 0);

    shutdown(connfd, SHUT_WR);
    close(connfd);
}

client.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 512
#define SERV_ADDR "127.0.0.1"
#define SERV_PORT 8080

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    if(argc < 2){
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <MSG>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int sockfd;
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_sockfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    int ret = inet_pton(AF_INET, SERV_ADDR, &servaddr.sin_addr);
    if(ret < 0){
        perror("inet_pton_servaddr error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }else if(ret == 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "inet_pton_servaddr error: The address format is wrong\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

    if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("connect_sockfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nbuf = strlen(argv[1]);

    send(sockfd, argv[1], nbuf, 0);

    nbuf = recv(sockfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
    buf[nbuf] = 0;

    printf("echo_msg: %s\n", buf);

    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
$ gcc -o server server.c

$ gcc -o client client.c

$ ./server

$ for ((i=0; i<10; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com'; done
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com
echo_msg: www.zfl9.com

$ ./server
new conn(127.0.0.1:50474)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50476)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50478)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50480)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50482)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50484)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50486)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50488)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50490)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn(127.0.0.1:50492)
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
^Csignal: SIGINT(2)   close server ... done

epoll多路复用IO

基本知识

epoll是在Linux 2.6内核中提出的,是之前的select和poll的增强版本;

相对于select和poll来说,epoll更加灵活,没有描述符限制;

epoll使用一个文件描述符管理多个描述符,将用户关系的文件描述符的事件存放到内核的一个事件表中;

epoll接口

epoll操作过程需要三个接口,这三个函数都在头文件sys/epoll.h中:

int epoll_create(int size);:创建一个epoll文件描述符

  • size:输入参数,在内核版本 2.6.8 之后,这个参数被弃用了,不过传入的值必须大于0
  • 返回值:成功返回epoll实例的文件描述符fd,失败返回-1,并设置errno

int epoll_create1(int flags);:创建一个epoll文件描述符(新)

  • flags:输入参数,如果flags为0,则等价于epoll_create();
  • 返回值:成功返回epoll实例的文件描述符fd,失败返回-1,并设置errno

int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event);:epoll事件注册、修改、删除

  • epfd:输入参数,epoll文件描述符
  • op:输入参数,动作:EPOLL_CTL_ADD添加、EPOLL_CTL_MOD修改、EPOLL_CTL_DEL移除
  • fd:输入参数,被监听的文件描述符
  • event:输入参数,监听的epoll事件,events可以是以下几个宏的集合:
    • EPOLLIN:表示对应的文件描述符可以读(包括对端SOCKET正常关闭);
    • EPOLLOUT:表示对应的文件描述符可以写;
    • EPOLLPRI:表示对应的文件描述符有紧急的数据可读(这里应该表示有带外数据到来);
    • EPOLLERR:表示对应的文件描述符发生错误;
    • EPOLLHUP:表示对应的文件描述符被挂断;
    • EPOLLET:将EPOLL设为边缘触发(Edge Triggered)模式,这是相对于水平触发(Level Triggered)来说的;
    • EPOLLONESHOT:只监听一次事件,当监听完这次事件之后,如果还需要继续监听这个socket的话,需要再次把这个socket加入到EPOLL队列里;
  • 返回值:成功返回0,失败返回-1,并设置errno

int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events, int maxevents, int timeout);:等待epoll事件的发生

  • epfd:输入参数,epoll文件描述符
  • events:输出参数,一个数组,用来保存发生的事件的集合
  • maxevents:输入参数,events数组的长度
  • timeout:输入参数,超时时间(单位:毫秒),-1永久阻塞,0立即返回
  • 返回值:成功返回实际发生的事件的数量,返回0表示超时,失败返回-1,并设置errno

工作模式

epoll有两种工作模式:LT(level trigger)水平触发、ET(edge trigger)边缘触发;

默认工作在LT模式,LT模式与ET模式的区别:

LT模式:当epoll_wait检测到描述符事件发生并将此事件通知应用程序,应用程序可以不立即处理该事件;下次调用epoll_wait时,会再次响应应用程序并通知此事件。

LT模式同时支持阻塞、非阻塞的socket套接字;

ET模式:当epoll_wait检测到描述符事件发生并将此事件通知应用程序,应用程序必须立即处理该事件;如果不处理,下次调用epoll_wait时,不会再次响应应用程序并通知此事件;只能等待该描述符的下次事件发生(也就是状态改变的时候)才会通知应用程序;

ET模式只支持非阻塞的socket套接字;

ET模式在很大程度上减少了epoll事件被重复触发的次数,因此效率要比LT模式高;

epoll工作在ET模式的时候,必须使用非阻塞套接口,以避免由于一个文件句柄的阻塞读/写操作把处理多个文件描述符的任务饿死;

所以,对于ET模式的epoll,必须在事件触发后,一次性把当前socket缓冲区的数据全部读完,把要发送的数据全部发完才能继续处理下一个事件,同时,对于connect和accept也要进行相应的处理

LT模式实例

server.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define LISTEN_PORT 8080
#define MAX_CONN 1024
#define MAX_EVENT 1024
#define BUF_SIZE 512

static int listenfd;
static int epollfd;

void handle_signal(int sig);

int main(void){
    signal(SIGHUP, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGINT, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGTERM, handle_signal);

    if((listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int reuseaddr = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuseaddr, sizeof(reuseaddr)) < 0){
        perror("setsockopt_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);

    if(bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("bind_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if((epollfd = epoll_create1(0)) < 0){
        perror("create_epollfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct epoll_event event, events[MAX_EVENT];
    event.data.fd = listenfd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN;
    if(epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listenfd, &event) < 0){
        perror("addevent_epollfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if(listen(listenfd, MAX_CONN) < 0){
        perror("listen_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nfds, fd, connfd, nbuf;
    uint32_t ev;

    for(;;){
        nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT, -1);
        if(nfds < 0){
            perror("wait_epollfd error");
            continue;
        }

        for(int i=0; i<nfds; i++){
            fd = events[i].data.fd;
            ev = events[i].events;

            if(ev & EPOLLERR || ev & EPOLLHUP || !(ev & EPOLLIN)){
                continue;
            }else if(fd == listenfd && (ev & EPOLLIN)){
                connfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&peeraddr, &peerlen);
                if(connfd < 0){
                    perror("accept_listenfd error");
                    continue;
                }

                printf("new conn %s:%d\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

                struct epoll_event ev;
                ev.data.fd = connfd;
                ev.events = EPOLLIN;
                if(epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, connfd, &ev) < 0){
                    perror("addevent_epollfd error");
                    close(connfd);
                    continue;
                }
            }else if(ev & EPOLLIN){
                nbuf = recv(fd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
                buf[nbuf] = 0;
                printf("recv_msg: %s\n", buf);
                send(fd, buf, nbuf, 0);
                shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
                close(fd);
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void handle_signal(int sig){
    if(sig == SIGHUP){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGHUP(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGINT){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGINT(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGTERM){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGTERM(%d)", sig);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "   close server ... ");
    close(listenfd);
    close(epollfd);
    fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

client.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 512
#define SERV_ADDR "127.0.0.1"
#define SERV_PORT 8080

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    if(argc < 2){
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <MSG>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int sockfd;
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_sockfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    int ret = inet_pton(AF_INET, SERV_ADDR, &servaddr.sin_addr);
    if(ret < 0){
        perror("inet_pton_servaddr error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }else if(ret == 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "inet_pton_servaddr error: The address format is wrong\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

    if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("connect_sockfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nbuf = strlen(argv[1]);

    send(sockfd, argv[1], nbuf, 0);

    nbuf = recv(sockfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
    buf[nbuf] = 0;

    printf("echo_msg: %s\n", buf);

    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
$ gcc -o server server.c

$ gcc -o client client.c

$ ./server

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.05s user 1.10s system 103% cpu 1.105 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.07s user 1.08s system 103% cpu 1.107 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.05s user 1.10s system 104% cpu 1.105 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.31s user 5.67s system 105% cpu 5.640 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.28s user 5.73s system 104% cpu 5.756 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.31s user 5.80s system 105% cpu 5.783 total

$ ./server
new conn 127.0.0.1:49288
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn 127.0.0.1:49290
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn 127.0.0.1:49292
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn 127.0.0.1:49294
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn 127.0.0.1:49296
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn 127.0.0.1:49298
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
new conn 127.0.0.1:49300
recv_msg: www.zfl9.com
......

ET模式实例

server.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define LISTEN_PORT 8080
#define MAX_CONN 1024
#define MAX_EVENT 1024

static int listenfd;
static int epollfd;

void handle_signal(int sig);

int main(void){
    signal(SIGHUP, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGINT, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGTERM, handle_signal);

    if((listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int reuseaddr = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuseaddr, sizeof(reuseaddr)) < 0){
        perror("setsockopt_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int flgs = fcntl(listenfd, F_GETFL, 0);
    if(fcntl(listenfd, F_SETFL, flgs|O_NONBLOCK) < 0){
        perror("setnonblock_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int buf_size;
    socklen_t optlen = sizeof(buf_size);
    if(getsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &buf_size, &optlen) < 0){
        perror("getsockopt_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    const int BUF_SIZE = buf_size;

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);

    if(bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("bind_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if((epollfd = epoll_create1(0)) < 0){
        perror("create_epollfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct epoll_event event, events[MAX_EVENT];
    event.data.fd = listenfd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
    if(epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listenfd, &event) < 0){
        perror("addevent_epollfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if(listen(listenfd, MAX_CONN) < 0){
        perror("listen_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nfds, fd, connfd, nbuf, nbytes;
    uint32_t ev;

    for(;;){
        nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT, -1);
        if(nfds < 0){
            perror("wait_epollfd error");
            continue;
        }

        for(int i=0; i<nfds; i++){
            fd = events[i].data.fd;
            ev = events[i].events;

            if(ev & EPOLLERR || ev & EPOLLHUP || !(ev & EPOLLIN)){
                continue;
            }else if(fd == listenfd && (ev & EPOLLIN)){
                for(;;){
                    connfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&peeraddr, &peerlen);
                    if(connfd < 0 && errno == EAGAIN){
                        break;
                    }else if(connfd < 0 && (errno == EINTR || errno == ECONNABORTED || errno == EPROTO)){
                        continue;
                    }else if(connfd < 0){
                        perror("accept_listenfd error");
                        continue;
                    }

                    printf("new conn %s:%d\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

                    flgs = fcntl(connfd, F_GETFL, 0);
                    if(fcntl(connfd, F_SETFL, flgs|O_NONBLOCK) < 0){
                        perror("setnonblock_connfd error");
                        close(connfd);
                        continue;
                    }

                    struct epoll_event ev;
                    ev.data.fd = connfd;
                    ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
                    if(epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, connfd, &ev) < 0){
                        perror("addevent_epollfd error");
                        close(connfd);
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                continue;
            }else if(ev & EPOLLIN){
                nbuf = 0;
                bool can_send = true;

                for(; nbuf < BUF_SIZE;){
                    nbytes = recv(fd, buf+nbuf, BUF_SIZE-nbuf, MSG_DONTWAIT);
                    if(nbytes < 0 && errno == EAGAIN){
                        break;
                    }else if(nbytes < 0 && errno == EINTR){
                        continue;
                    }else if(nbytes < 0){
                        perror("recv_connfd error");
                        shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
                        close(fd);
                        can_send = false;
                        break;
                    }else if(nbytes == 0){
                        fprintf(stderr, "peer close conn...\n");
                        shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
                        close(fd);
                        can_send = false;
                        break;
                    }else{
                        nbuf += nbytes;
                    }
                }

                if(can_send){
                    int nsent = 0;
                    for(; nsent < nbuf;){
                        nbytes = send(fd, buf+nsent, nbuf-nsent, MSG_DONTWAIT);
                        if(nbytes < 0 && (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINTR)){
                            continue;
                        }else if(nbytes < 0){
                            perror("send_connfd error");
                            close(fd);
                            break;
                        }else{
                            nsent += nbytes;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void handle_signal(int sig){
    if(sig == SIGHUP){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGHUP(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGINT){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGINT(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGTERM){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGTERM(%d)", sig);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "   close server ... ");
    close(listenfd);
    close(epollfd);
    fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

client.c

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define BUF_SIZE 512
#define SERV_ADDR "127.0.0.1"
#define SERV_PORT 8080

int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
    if(argc < 2){
        fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <MSG>\n", argv[0]);
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int sockfd;
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_sockfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    int ret = inet_pton(AF_INET, SERV_ADDR, &servaddr.sin_addr);
    if(ret < 0){
        perror("inet_pton_servaddr error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }else if(ret == 0){
        fprintf(stderr, "inet_pton_servaddr error: The address format is wrong\n");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

    if(connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("connect_sockfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nbuf = strlen(argv[1]);

    send(sockfd, argv[1], nbuf, 0);

    nbuf = recv(sockfd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
    buf[nbuf] = 0;

    printf("echo_msg: %s\n", buf);

    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
$ gcc -o server server.c

$ gcc -o client client.c

$ ./server

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.06s user 1.21s system 101% cpu 1.249 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.09s user 1.20s system 101% cpu 1.275 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.09s user 1.19s system 102% cpu 1.248 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.48s user 6.04s system 102% cpu 6.335 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.47s user 6.16s system 102% cpu 6.502 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.47s user 6.39s system 102% cpu 6.727 total

$ ./server
new conn 127.0.0.1:50354
peer close conn...
new conn 127.0.0.1:50356
peer close conn...
new conn 127.0.0.1:50358
peer close conn...
new conn 127.0.0.1:50360
peer close conn...
new conn 127.0.0.1:50362
peer close conn...
new conn 127.0.0.1:50364
peer close conn...
new conn 127.0.0.1:50366
peer close conn...

可以发现,ET模式所耗的时间比LT模式更长一些,不过这是因为echo回声程序的特性导致的;

因为ET模式中的recv/send结果判断、循环,无疑加重了cpu的负担,适得其反;

不过也可能是我的程序逻辑太辣鸡了(这是肯定的了(눈_눈));

所以说选对模型很重要,并不是所有的情况都适合用ET模式;

不过我们可以只将listenfd设置为ET模式,其他的新连接使用默认的LT模式,我们来看一下:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define LISTEN_PORT 8080
#define MAX_CONN 1024
#define MAX_EVENT 1024
#define BUF_SIZE 512

static int listenfd;
static int epollfd;

void handle_signal(int sig);

int main(void){
    signal(SIGHUP, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGINT, handle_signal);
    signal(SIGTERM, handle_signal);

    if((listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0){
        perror("create_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int reuseaddr = 1;
    if(setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuseaddr, sizeof(reuseaddr)) < 0){
        perror("setsockopt_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    int flgs = fcntl(listenfd, F_GETFL, 0);
    if(fcntl(listenfd, F_SETFL, flgs|O_NONBLOCK) < 0){
        perror("setnonblock_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
    memset(&servaddr, 0, sizeof(servaddr));
    servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
    servaddr.sin_port = htons(LISTEN_PORT);

    if(bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr)) < 0){
        perror("bind_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if((epollfd = epoll_create1(0)) < 0){
        perror("create_epollfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct epoll_event event, events[MAX_EVENT];
    event.data.fd = listenfd;
    event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
    if(epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listenfd, &event) < 0){
        perror("addevent_epollfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if(listen(listenfd, MAX_CONN) < 0){
        perror("listen_listenfd error");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct sockaddr_in peeraddr;
    socklen_t peerlen = sizeof(peeraddr);
    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
    int nfds, fd, connfd, nbuf;
    uint32_t ev;

    for(;;){
        nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENT, -1);
        if(nfds < 0){
            perror("wait_epollfd error");
            continue;
        }

        for(int i=0; i<nfds; i++){
            fd = events[i].data.fd;
            ev = events[i].events;

            if(ev & EPOLLERR || ev & EPOLLHUP || !(ev & EPOLLIN)){
                continue;
            }else if(fd == listenfd && (ev & EPOLLIN)){
                for(;;){
                    connfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&peeraddr, &peerlen);
                    if(connfd < 0 && errno == EAGAIN){
                        break;
                    }else if(connfd < 0 && (errno == EINTR || errno == ECONNABORTED || errno == EPROTO)){
                        continue;
                    }else if(connfd < 0){
                        perror("accept_listenfd error");
                        continue;
                    }

                    printf("new conn %s:%d\n", inet_ntoa(peeraddr.sin_addr), ntohs(peeraddr.sin_port));

                    struct epoll_event ev;
                    ev.data.fd = connfd;
                    ev.events = EPOLLIN;
                    if(epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, connfd, &ev) < 0){
                        perror("addevent_epollfd error");
                        close(connfd);
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                continue;
            }else if(ev & EPOLLIN){
                nbuf = recv(fd, buf, BUF_SIZE, 0);
                buf[nbuf] = 0;
                printf("recv_msg: %s\n", buf);
                send(fd, buf, nbuf, 0);
                shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR);
                close(fd);
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

void handle_signal(int sig){
    if(sig == SIGHUP){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGHUP(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGINT){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGINT(%d)", sig);
    }else if(sig == SIGTERM){
        fprintf(stderr, "signal: SIGTERM(%d)", sig);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "   close server ... ");
    close(listenfd);
    close(epollfd);
    fprintf(stderr, "done\n");

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.04s user 1.14s system 102% cpu 1.144 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.05s user 1.13s system 104% cpu 1.137 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<1000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.07s user 1.21s system 104% cpu 1.229 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.37s user 5.90s system 104% cpu 6.019 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.36s user 5.99s system 104% cpu 6.077 total

$ time bash -c 'for((i=0; i<5000; i++)); do ./client 'www.zfl9.com' > /dev/null ; done'
bash -c   0.40s user 6.01s system 104% cpu 6.170 total
本文由作者按照 CC BY 4.0 进行授权

C语言 socket编程(三)

C语言 多进程编程